AVVISO MERCK: interazioni fra Boceprevir (Victrelis) e HAART

[Dora]

Ieri, mediante una lettera ai medici, la Merck ha emanato un avviso importante relativamente all'uso del nuovo farmaco anti-HCV Boceprevir (Victrelis) in caso di coinfezione HIV-HCV: si raccomanda di NON somministrare insieme il boceprevir con gli inibitori della proteasi dell'HIV rinforzati con ritonavir.

VICTRELIS is not indicated for use in patients who are infected with both HIV-1 and chronic HCV. The safety and efficacy of VICTRELIS™ (boceprevir) has not been established in this coinfected population. Merck does not recommend the coadministration of VICTRELIS and ritonavir-boosted HIV protease inhibitors.

S. Sethu K. Reddy, MD Merck & Co., Inc.
Vice President PO Box 250
US Medical Affairs West Point, PA 19486-0250

February 6, 2012

IMPORTANT DRUG WARNING

SUBJECT: Results of Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Volunteers Given VICTRELIS™(boceprevir) and Ritonavir-Boosted HIV Protease Inhibitors May Indicate Clinically Significant Drug Interactions for Patients Coinfected with Chronic Hepatitis C and HIV

Dear Health Care Professional,

The purpose of this communication is to inform you of recent pharmacokinetic study results evaluating drug interactions between VICTRELIS, an oral chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor, and ritonavir-boosted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors in healthy volunteers (n=39).

VICTRELIS is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 (G1) infection, in combination with peginterferon alfa and ribavirin (PR), in adult patients (18 years and older) with compensated liver disease, including cirrhosis, who are treatment-naïve or who have failed previous interferon and ribavirin therapy. In the pharmacokinetic study, concomitant administration of VICTRELIS with Norvir® (ritonavir) in combination with Reyataz® (atazanavir) or Prezista® (darunavir), or with Kaletra® (lopinavir/ritonavir) resulted in reduced exposures of the HIV medicines and VICTRELIS.

Specifically,VICTRELIS reduced mean trough concentrations of ritonavir-boosted atazanavir, lopinavir, and darunavir by 49%, 43%, and 59%, respectively. Mean reductions of 34% to 44% and 25% to 36% were observed in AUC and Cmax of atazanavir, lopinavir, and darunavir. Coadministration of ritonavir-boosted atazanavir with VICTRELIS did not alter the exposure of VICTRELIS, but coadministration of VICTRELIS with lopinavir/ritonavir or ritonavir-boosted darunavir decreased the exposure of VICTRELIS by 45% and 32%, respectively.

These drug interactions may be clinically significant for patients infected with both chronic HCV and HIV by potentially reducing the effectiveness of these medicines when coadministered. VICTRELIS is not indicated for use in patients who are infected with both HIV-1 and chronic HCV. The safety and efficacy of VICTRELIS™ (boceprevir) has not been established in this coinfected population. Merck does not recommend the coadministration of VICTRELIS and ritonavir-boosted HIV protease inhibitors.

Health care providers who might have initiated VICTRELIS in combination with PR in HIV-HCV coinfected patients on fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy containing a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor should discuss these findings with those patients, and closely monitor those patients for HCV treatment response and for potential HCV and HIV virologic rebound.

Patients should be advised to contact their health care provider before stopping any of their medications.

Merck is sharing these pharmacokinetic data with regulatory authorities in the countries where VICTRELIS is approved. Merck will be submitting requests to regulators to update the product labeling with these data.

These data have been submitted for scientific presentation at an upcoming medical forum.

For more information, please consult the enclosed Prescribing Information for VICTRELIS.

The PrescribingInformation can also be found at http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_cir ... lis_pi.pdf.

Should you have any questions, require further information on product safety, or wish to report an adverse event with VICTRELIS, please contact Merck at 1-877-888-4231. Alternatively, an adverse event can be reported directly to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or http://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

Sincerely,

S. Sethu K. Reddy, MD


Indications and Usage for VICTRELIS™ (boceprevir)

VICTRELIS was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 13, 2011 for the
treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 (G1) infection, in combination with peginterferon alfa and ribavirin (PR), in adult patients (18 years and older) with compensated liver disease, including cirrhosis, who are previously untreated or who have failed previous interferon and ribavirin therapy.

The following points should be considered when initiating VICTRELIS for treatment of chronic HCV
infection:

• VICTRELIS must not be used as monotherapy and should only be used in combination with PR.

• VICTRELIS efficacy has not been studied in patients who have previously failed therapy with a treatment

regimen that includes VICTRELIS or other HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors.

• VICTRELIS in combination with PR has not been studied in patients documented to be historical null responders (<2-log10 HCV-RNA decline by Treatment Week 12) during prior therapy with PR.
The clinical studies included subjects who were poorly interferon responsive. Subjects with <0.5-log10 HCV-RNA decline in viral load at Treatment Week 4 with PR alone are predicted to have a null response (<2-log10 viral load decline at Treatment Week 12) to PR therapy.

• Poorly interferon responsive patients who were treated with VICTRELIS in combination with PR have a lower likelihood of achieving a sustained virologic response (SVR), and a higher rate of detection of resistance-associated substitutions upon treatment failure, compared to patients with a greater response to PR.

Selected Safety Information for VICTRELIS

All contraindications to PR also apply since VICTRELIS must be administered with PR.

Because ribavirin may cause birth defects and fetal death, VICTRELIS in combination with PR is contraindicated in pregnant women and in men whose female partners are pregnant. Avoid pregnancy in female patients and female partners of male patients. Patients must have a negative pregnancy test prior to herapy; have monthly pregnancy tests; and use 2 or more forms of effective contraception, including intrauterine devices and barrier methods, during treatment and for at least 6 months after treatment has concluded. Systemic hormonal contraceptives may not be as effective in women while taking VICTRELIS and concomitant ribavirin.

VICTRELIS is contraindicated in coadministration with drugs that are highly dependent on CYP3A4/5 for clearance, and for which elevated plasma concentrations are associated with serious and/or life-threatening events. VICTRELIS is also contraindicated in coadministration with potent CYP3A4/5 inducers, where significantly reduced VICTRELIS plasma concentrations may be associated with reduced efficacy.

Drugs that are contraindicated with VICTRELIS include: alfuzosin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital,
phenytoin, rifampin, dihydroergotamine, ergonovine, ergotamine, methylergonovine, cisapride, St. John’s Wort (hypericum perforatum), lovastatin, simvastatin, drosperinone, Revatio® (sildenafil) or Adcirca® (tadalafil) (when used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension), pimozide, triazolam, and orally administered midazolam.

Anemia and/or Neutropenia – The addition of VICTRELIS™ (boceprevir) to PR is associated with an additional decrease in hemoglobin concentrations compared with PR alone and/or may result in worsening of neutropenia associated with PR therapy alone. Dose reduction or discontinuation of peginterferon alfa and/or ribavirin may be required. Dose reduction of VICTRELIS is not recommended. VICTRELIS must not be administered in the absence of PR.

Complete blood count (with white blood cell differential counts) must be conducted in all patients prior to initiating combination therapy with VICTRELIS. Complete blood counts should be obtained at Treatment Weeks 4, 8, and 12, and should be monitored closely at other time points, as clinically appropriate.

The most commonly reported adverse reactions (>35%) in clinical trials in adult patients receiving the
combination of VICTRELIS with PR were: fatigue, anemia, nausea, headache, and dysgeusia. Of these commonly reported adverse reactions, fatigue, anemia, nausea, and dysgeusia occurred at rates ≥5% above the rates for PR alone in either clinical study. The incidence of these adverse reactions in previously untreated subjects that were treated with combination therapy with VICTRELIS compared with PR alone were: fatigue (58% vs 59%), anemia (50% vs 30%), nausea (46% vs 42%), and dysgeusia (35% vs 16%), respectively. The incidence of these adverse reactions in previous treatment failure patients that were treated with combination therapy with VICTRELIS compared with PR alone were: fatigue (55% vs 50%), anemia (45% vs 20%), nausea (43% vs 38%), and dysgeusia (44% vs 11%), respectively.

VICTRELIS is a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4/5 and is partly metabolized by CYP3A4/5. The potential for drug-drug interactions must be considered prior to and during therapy.

[HLAB5701]

Ieri, mediante una lettera ai medici, la Merck ha emanato un avviso importante relativamente all'uso del nuovo farmaco anti-HCV Boceprevir (Victrelis) in caso di coinfezione HIV-HCV: si raccomanda di NON somministrare insieme il boceprevir con gli inibitori della proteasi dell'HIV rinforzati con ritonavir.

si può dire 'ma smettila <edit automatico>' in un forum??

[Dora]

Ieri, mediante una lettera ai medici, la Merck ha emanato un avviso importante relativamente all'uso del nuovo farmaco anti-HCV Boceprevir (Victrelis) in caso di coinfezione HIV-HCV: si raccomanda di NON somministrare insieme il boceprevir con gli inibitori della proteasi dell'HIV rinforzati con ritonavir.

si può dire 'ma smettila <edit automatico>' in un forum??

Vabbè, sembra che con il Telaprevir (Incivek) possa andar meglio. La notizia però è di novembre scorso, quindi nulla vieta che la Vertex possa smentirla domani:

AASLD: Telaprevir Improves Hepatitis C Treatment Response for HIV/HCV Coinfected Peoples

In a late-breaker poster at the AASLD meeting, Kenneth Sherman from the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and colleagues presented 24-week data from an ongoing Phase 2 trial comparing telaprevir triple therapy versus standard hepatitis C therapy in HIV/HCV coinfected patients. Prior 12-week results were presented at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2011) this past March.

The study had 2 parts. Part A enrolled antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive people who still had CD4 cell counts high enough that they did not yet need HIV treatment (> 500 cells/mm3). Part B enrolled people with > 300 cells/mm3 on a stable ART regimen containing either efavirenz (Sustiva) or boosted atazanavir (Reyataz), both with tenofovir/emtricitabine (the drugs in Truvada).

The study enrolled 62 participants with hard-to-treat HCV genotype 1 who had not previously been treated for hepatitis C; 60 people who received at least 1 dose of study drugs were included in the analysis. Most (about 85%) were men, the average age was about 45 years, and about half in Part A and 20% in Part B were black. About half in Part A and about 75% in Part B had HCV genotype 1a.

In both parts participants were randomly assigned to receive either telaprevir triple therapy or standard therapy for 48 weeks. Studies of HCV monoinfected patients have shown that many can achieve sustained response with a shorter duration of pegylated/interferon after telaprevir. Since HIV positive people tend to respond more slowly, however, all the coinfected patients in this trial were assigned to receive the full 48-week course, but they stopped treatment if they did not experience an adequate HCV RNA reduction by week 12.

Triple therapy consisted of telaprevir every 8 hours (the usual 750 mg dose if using atazanavir or 1125 mg if using efavirenz, to compensate for a drug interaction) plus 180 mcg/week pegyalted interferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) plus daily ribavirin (800 mg/day fixed dose or 1000-1200 mg/day weight-adjusted doses, depending on study site). Standard therapy consisted of the same doses of pegyalted interferon and ribavirin alone.

Results

- Rates of rapid virological response (RVR), or undetectable HCV RNA at week 4, for telaprevir recipients were:

• No ART: 71%;
  Efavirenz regimen: 75%;
  Atazanavir regimen: 60%;
  Overall: 68%.

- In contrast, no one in any group receiving standard therapy achieved RVR.
- Rates of complete early virological response (cEVR), or undetectable HCV RNA at week 12, for telaprevir recipients were:

• No ART: 86%;
  Efavirenz regimen: 88%;
  Atazanavir regimen: 67%;
  Overall: 79%.
  cEVR rates with standard therapy were 33%, 25%, 25%, and 27%, respectively.

- Rates of undetectable HCV RNA at week 24 for telaprevir recipients were:

• No ART: 86%;
  Efavirenz regimen: 75%;
  Atazanavir regimen: 67%;
  Overall: 71%.

- 24-week response rates with standard therapy were 33%, 50%, 75%, and 55%, respectively.
- HIV RNA remained undetectable in all groups.
- Absolute CD4 cell counts declined from baseline in all groups, although CD4% remained unchanged.
- Overall, people receiving telaprevir triple therapy experienced more side effects than those on pegylated interferon/ribavirin alone.
- Adverse events occurring at least 10% more often among telaprevir recipients compared with standard therapy recipients included:

• Pruritis or itching: 39% vs 9%;
  Headache: 37% vs 27%;
  Nausea: 34% vs 23%;
  Skin rash: 34% vs 23%;
  Fever: 21% vs 9%;
  Depression: 21% vs 9%;
  Insomnia: 13% vs 23%.

- Weight loss, however, was significantly less common among telaprevir recipients (11% vs 23%).
- Anemia rates were similar in both groups (13% vs 18%, respectively); 4 patients in total required erythropoietin.
- No cases of severe rash were observed.
- As expected, people taking atazanavir were more likely to develop elevated bilirubin.
- No participants taking no ART or the efavirenz regimen discontinued treatment due to adverse events, but 3 people receiving telaprevir with the atazanavir regimen did so.

"In this interim analysis, higher Week 24 on-treatment responses were seen in chronic genotype HIV/HCV coinfected patients treated with telaprevir/pegylated interferon/ribavirin (71%) compared to pegylated interferon/ribavirin alone (55%)," the researchers concluded.

"Overall safety and tolerability of patients treated with telaprevir combination treatment was comparable to that previously observed in chronic genotype 1 HCV monoinfected patients," they added.

Studies of telaprevir for HIV/HCV coinfected people are ongoing. Further trials will assess whether selected coinfected patients may also benefit from response-guided therapy and shorter treatment duration.

[skydrake]

Articolo divulgativo che riporta in versione riassunta quanto riportato sopra:
http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/ ... 6J20120209